Despite a winter marked by abundant rainfall and full reservoirs, Portugal’s water security continues to face significant structural challenges. In his latest opinion article, published in Expresso, Abílio Castro highlights the growing pressure on coastal aquifers — underground freshwater reserves that are vital for public water supply, agriculture, industry and tourism.
The author explains that rainfall does not always contribute to the replenishment of these reserves, particularly when it occurs in short, intense episodes that favour surface runoff rather than groundwater recharge. At the same time, rising water demand and the overexploitation of aquifers can accelerate phenomena such as saltwater intrusion, gradually compromising the quality and availability of freshwater resources.
Against a backdrop of climate change, more frequent droughts and a high concentration of population and economic activity along the coast, the article underlines the strategic role of groundwater in enhancing the country’s resilience. Abílio Castro argues for greater recognition of these resources within water management policies, stressing the need for improved monitoring, scientific knowledge, long-term planning and sustainable management practices to ensure water security in the decades ahead.
